Q.4. Examine the ethical and social ideas of Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi, a great philosopher, political leader, spiritual guide, and social reformer, left a profound impact on the world with his practical ethical and social ideas. Some of these ideas are:

1. Non-violence (Ahimsa):
   • Gandhi believed in the principle of non-violence, which extended to thoughts, words, and actions.
   • Non-violence was both a physical and spiritual concept.
   • It was the weapon of the strong, not the weak.
   • Gandhi’s non-violence was rooted in universal love, even for enemies.
2. Truthfulness (Satyagraha):
   • Truth was the highest value among moral principles.
   • Satyagraha meant holding the truth firmly.
   • It involved appealing from the heart and using non-violent means to achieve justice.
   • Gandhi believed that truth would ultimately triumph over oppressors.
3. Means and Ends:
   • Gandhi emphasized the purity of both means and ends.
   • Proper ends could not be achieved through improper means.
   • For long-term sustainability, the struggle (means) must also be pure.
4. Welfare of All (Sarvodaya):
   • Gandhi advocated for the welfare of all, regardless of social status.
   • Basic necessities like food, shelter, and healthcare should be accessible to everyone.
   • Reducing inequality and promoting the rights of weaker sections were essential.
5. Self-Rule (Swaraj):
   • Gandhi envisioned self-rule based on decentralized governance and community strength.
   • People should take responsibility for their own governance.
   • Swaraj meant self-reliance and active participation in decision-making.
6. Ashram Life:
   • Gandhi lived a simple life in ashrams (communities).
   • Working together for the common good was central.
   • Simplicity, self-discipline, and service were key principles.

In summary, Gandhi’s ethical and social ideas emphasized truth, non-violence, welfare for all, and self-rule. His practical application of these principles continues to inspire generations.