Q. Discuss the influence of Mahatma Gandhi on the Indian national movement. How did his methods and philosophy shape the struggle for independence?

Mahatma Gandhi’s influence on the Indian national movement was profound and transformative. His philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and passive resistance (Satyagraha) became the cornerstone of the Indian struggle for independence. Gandhi’s methods were rooted in the principle of truth and firmness, advocating for civil disobedience and non-cooperation with British authorities.

Gandhi’s activism began in South Africa, where he fought against the discrimination of Indian immigrants. His experiences there shaped his philosophy, which he brought back to India. Upon his return in 1915, Gandhi became a prominent leader within the Indian National Congress (INC), channelling the independence movement into a mass organization. Here is how his methods and philosophy shaped the struggle for INM:

• Non-Violent Philosophy: Gandhi’s principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) became the guiding force of the national movement, advocating peaceful resistance against colonial rule.
• Satyagraha: His method of Satyagraha (truth and firmness) involved non-cooperation and civil disobedience, empowering Indians to challenge British authority without violence.
• Mass Mobilization: Gandhi’s leadership transformed the Indian National Congress into a mass movement, involving people from all walks of life in the freedom struggle.
• Boycotts and Protests: He led nationwide campaigns like the Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt March, and Quit India Movement, which were pivotal in rallying public support against the British.
• Social Reforms: Gandhi also focused on social issues such as untouchability and women’s rights, integrating social reform with the independence movement.
• Global Attention: His unique approach drew international attention, highlighting the Indian independence struggle on the world stage.
• Inspiration for Future Movements: Gandhi’s commitment to non-violence inspired future generations of leaders and activists around the world.
• Unity Amidst Diversity: He worked to unite various religious and social groups under a common cause, fostering a sense of national unity.
• Economic Self-Reliance: Gandhi encouraged Swadeshi (self-reliance) and the use of indigenous goods to weaken the economic foundations of British rule in India.
• Moral Leadership: His moral authority and personal example of simplicity and integrity inspired widespread admiration and voluntary compliance with his calls for action.

In summary, Gandhi’s influence was pivotal in shaping the Indian national movement. His unique approach of non-violent resistance and his ability to unite people across the socio-economic spectrum played a crucial role in India’s journey to independence.