Q.9. What is the Smart City? Describe its main characteristics.

A Smart City is an urban framework that leverages Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the Internet of Things (IoT), and data analytics. Its primary objective is to enhance the quality of life for its citizens, improve the efficiency of urban services, and promote sustainable economic development.

Its main characteristics are:

• Technology Integration: Widespread use of sensors, data analytics, and connectivity (like Wi-Fi hotspots) to gather real-time data. This data is often monitored at an Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC).
• Smart Infrastructure: Efficient, tech-enabled management of core utilities, including smart water meters, reliable power supply (smart grids), and automated solid waste management.
• Smart Mobility: An integrated, multimodal, and intelligent transport system featuring adaptive traffic management, smart parking, and reliable public transit to reduce congestion.
• Sustainability & Environment: A core focus on sustainable resource use, renewable energy adoption (like solar), green buildings, and effective pollution monitoring and control.
• Citizen-Centric Governance: Emphasizes e-governance for transparency and accountability, digital delivery of public services, and citizen participation through feedback apps and platforms.
• Enhanced Quality of Life: A primary focus on public safety (e.g., CCTV surveillance), accessible healthcare (telemedicine), smart education, and building an inclusive, economically vibrant community.

In essence, a Smart City is not just about technology but about creating an urban ecosystem that is more livable, resilient, efficient, and responsive to the needs of its citizens, ensuring sustainable and inclusive growth.