Q.6. Discuss the architectural features of the monuments of Agra. आगरा के स्मारको की वास्तुगत विशेषताओं की विवेचना कीजिए|

The monuments of Agra are renowned for their distinctive Mughal architecture, which is a blend of Indian, Persian, and Islamic influences. Here are some of the key architectural features:

• Symmetry: One of the most striking features is the emphasis on symmetry, particularly evident in the layout of the Taj Mahal, where the main structure is flanked by identical buildings and gardens.
• Use of Red Sandstone and White Marble: The Mughal monuments often feature red sandstone and white marble, which not only provide structural strength but also aesthetic appeal. The Taj Mahal, for instance, is built primarily of white marble, which gives it a luminous quality.
• Pietra Dura and Inlay Work: The intricate inlay work using semi-precious stones, known as Pietra Dura, is a hallmark of Mughal architecture. This decorative art is visible in the detailed designs and calligraphy on the walls of the Taj Mahal.
• Domes and Minarets: Large bulbous onion domes, frequently accompanied by smaller domes, are a common feature. The Taj Mahal’s central dome is perhaps the most famous example, surrounded by four smaller domes and four slender minarets that enhance the monument’s verticality.
• Jali Work: Latticed screens or ‘jali’ work are used extensively for ventilation and as an element of privacy, as well as for their decorative effect. They allow light to filter into the interiors, creating patterns and playing with light and shadow.
• Gardens: Charbagh, or quadrilateral gardens, are a significant aspect of Mughal monument complexes. These gardens are divided into four parts by walkways or flowing water, symbolizing the four rivers of Islamic paradise.
• Calligraphy and Ornamentation: Calligraphic inscriptions, often verses from the Quran, and detailed ornamentation work are prominent features that adorn the facades and interiors of Mughal monuments.

These features not only showcase the technical prowess and artistic sensibilities of the Mughal era but also reflect the empire’s grandeur and the emperors’ love for beauty and symmetry.