Q.3. Discuss the role of Sardar Patel in the unification of India after independence.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, often hailed as the ‘Iron Man of India’, played a pivotal role in the unification of India after independence. His contributions include:

• Integration of Princely States: Patel was instrumental in persuading 562 princely states to join the Indian Union. He used a combination of diplomacy, persuasion, and, when necessary, force to ensure the integration of these states, which were otherwise at risk of becoming independent entities.

• Architect of Modern India: As the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India, Patel’s vision and pragmatic approach were crucial in preventing the balkanization of the newly-independent country. His efforts ensured that India emerged as a cohesive and united nation.

• Use of Diplomacy and Realpolitik: Patel, along with his secretary V.P. Menon, employed a variety of strategies to achieve this integration. This included the introduction of the ‘Privy Purse’, which guaranteed royal families of the princely states a stipend in return for their accession to India.
• Handling of Complex Cases: Some princely states like Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Kashmir required special attention due to their unique circumstances. Patel’s firm yet tactful handling of these situations ensured their accession to India.

• Relief and Rehabilitation: During the partition, Patel also organized relief for refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked tirelessly to restore peace and order during this tumultuous period.

Sardar Patel’s role was not just limited to the physical unification of territory but also extended to fostering a sense of national unity among the diverse populations of the newly-formed nation. His legacy as a unifier continues to be celebrated in India.