2020 GS P1 PYQ Solution, PYQs Solution
Q.2. Evaluate the views of Gandhi on the Varna system.
Mahatma Gandhi held nuanced views on the Varna system, which was deeply ingrained in Indian society. Let’s explore his perspective:
- Equal Status and Functionality:
- Gandhi believed that the Varna system was not inherently hierarchical. According to him, all the four Varnas (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra) were equal in status and functional to society.
- In his vision, the Varnas were placed horizontally and were mutually replaceable. This flexibility allowed for a more inclusive and adaptable system.
- Occupational Distribution and Division of Labor:
- Gandhi saw the Varna system as a form of division of labor and division of life based on duties.
- Each Varna had specific occupations associated with it, but these were not fixed. A Brahmin could take up arms or perform Shudra duties if capable, without rejecting their ancestral priestly duties.
- Rejecting Social Disabilities and Rigidity:
- Gandhi rejected the rigid aspects of the Varna system, especially the social and religious disabilities imposed by Manusmriti.
- He advocated for an open Varnashrama system, where individuals could choose their roles based on their abilities and interests.
- Spiritual and Ethical Approach:
- Gandhi’s views were rooted in spiritual and ethical principles. He believed that everyone should perform their duties selflessly and contribute to society.
- For him, the fruits of labor were identical irrespective of the Varna or occupation followed by a person.
- Criticism and Reality:
- While Gandhi’s vision was progressive, the actual Varna system during his time was hierarchical and imposed discrimination.
- Social and religious norms often restricted mobility and perpetuated inequalities.
In summary, Gandhi’s approach to the Varna system emphasized equality, flexibility, and the pursuit of duty. His vision aimed at a more just and harmonious society.
