Q.2. Analyze the contributions of Emperor Ashoka to the spread of Buddhism.

Emperor Ashoka’s contributions to the spread of Buddhism were monumental and multifaceted. Here’s an analysis of his key contributions:

1. Adoption and Patronage: After the bloody conquest of Kalinga, Ashoka experienced profound remorse and turned towards Buddhism. His personal adoption of Buddhism as a way of life and his royal patronage were pivotal in its spread.
2. Edicts and Inscriptions: Ashoka disseminated his teachings and Buddhist principles through edicts and inscriptions on rocks and pillars across his empire. These edicts, which expressed his commitment to the dharma (righteous conduct), were written in the language of the people, making them accessible to a wide audience.
3. Missionary Work: Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries beyond the borders of India to regions like Sri Lanka and Central Asia, which played a crucial role in establishing Buddhism in these areas.
4. Stupas and Monasteries: He established a large number of stupas and monasteries, which not only served as places of worship and learning but also as tangible symbols of Buddhist presence.
5. Third Buddhist Council: Ashoka is credited with supporting and patronizing the Third Buddhist Council, which was significant in the development of the Buddhist community and the establishment of the Theravada school of Buddhism.
6. Dhamma Policy: His policy of ‘conquest by dharma’ emphasized the sociomoral virtues of honesty, compassion, benevolence, and non-violence. This policy reflected Buddhist ethical teachings and helped in promoting a peaceful and just society.
7. Cultural Integration: By integrating Buddhist principles with the existing cultural and religious practices, Ashoka facilitated a smoother assimilation of Buddhism into the diverse fabric of Indian society.
8. International Relations: His diplomatic relations with other kingdoms and states, based on Buddhist principles, helped in creating a peaceful and cooperative international environment conducive to the spread of Buddhism.

Ashoka’s efforts laid the groundwork for Buddhism to become a world religion. His legacy continues to influence modern Buddhist practice and is a testament to the enduring power of compassionate governance and religious tolerance.