Q.19. Discuss the disaster management in India at the Centre, State and District levels.

The disaster management framework in India at different levels is:

1. National Level:
   • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):
     • The NDMA is the apex body for disaster management in India.
     • It is headed by the Prime Minister.
     • Mandate:
       • Laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management.
       • Creating institutional mechanisms at state and district levels.
     • National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP):
       • Aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
       • Provides a roadmap for disaster management strategies.
2. State Level:
   • State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs):
     • Chaired by the Chief Minister.
     • Responsible for state-level disaster preparedness and response.
     • Formulate state-specific policies and plans.
     • Coordinate with district authorities and other stakeholders.
   • State Training Institutes (ATIs):
     • Supported by the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).
     • Conduct training programs for government functionaries.
     • NIDM provides financial assistance and faculty support.
3. District Level:
   • District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs):
     • Co-chaired by the District Collector and elected representatives.
     • Responsible for disaster management at the district level.
     • Develop district-specific plans.
     • Coordinate relief and rehabilitation efforts during disasters.
   • Local Authorities:
     • Municipalities, panchayats, and community organizations play a crucial role.
     • Implement disaster risk reduction measures.
     • Mobilize resources and provide immediate assistance.
4. Institutional Arrangements:
   • National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM):
     • Encourages effective training, coordination, and planning for disaster response.
   • Disaster Management Centres (DMCs):
     • Supported by NIDM in all states.
     • Conduct training programs for government officials.
     • Train cutting-edge functionaries in disaster management.

The vision is to build a safer and disaster-resilient India through a holistic, proactive, technology-driven, and sustainable approach.