Q.17. Explain the steps taken by the government to counter Naxalism in India.

The Indian government has adopted a multi-pronged strategy to counter Naxalism, which includes security measures, development initiatives, and efforts to manage public perception. Here are some of the key steps taken:

1. Security Measures:

• Operation ‘SAMADHAN’: A security operations doctrine that includes Smart leadership, Aggressive strategy, Motivation and training, Actionable intelligence, Dashboard Based KPIs and KRAs, Harnessing technology, Action plan for each theatre, and No access to financing.
• Advanced Technology: Use of drones, smart guns with bio-metric triggers, trackers for weapons, and unique identification numbers for explosives.
• Helicopter Support: Increased helicopter support for operations, including rapid reinforcement and supply delivery.

2. Development Initiatives:

• Infrastructure Development: Building roads, schools, and hospitals in Naxal-affected areas to improve the quality of life and reduce the appeal of Naxal ideology.
• Economic Opportunities: Creating job opportunities and promoting economic activities to address the root causes of Naxalism.

3. Public Perception Management:

• Community Engagement: Engaging with local communities to ensure their rights and entitlements, and to improve governance.
• Information Campaigns: Conducting campaigns to inform the public about the government’s efforts and to counter Naxal propaganda.

4. Rehabilitation Efforts:

• Surrender and Rehabilitation Policies: Encouraging Naxals to surrender and providing them with rehabilitation opportunities.
• Legal Measures: Implementing laws like the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) to choke the funding of Naxal groups.

These steps are part of a broader strategy that aims to address both the symptoms and the root causes of Naxalism, with a focus on security, development, and ensuring the welfare of affected communities.