Q.16. Underline the changes happening gradually in the sources of irrigation in U.P.

In Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), the sources of irrigation have undergone significant changes over time, reflecting shifts in technology, policy, and environmental conditions. Here are some key changes:

1. Canal Irrigation: Traditionally, canal irrigation has been a primary source of water for agriculture in U.P. However, its role has been redefined with the introduction of new technologies and the expansion of other irrigation methods.
2. Tubewell Irrigation: There has been a substantial increase in tubewell irrigation, which allows farmers to access groundwater. This shift has been driven by the advancement in drilling technologies and the need for more reliable water sources.
3. Groundwater Depletion: The overuse of groundwater through tubewells has led to a significant drop in the water table, raising concerns about sustainability and the need for water conservation measures.
4. Regional Variations: The availability and reliance on different sources of irrigation vary across the state. Some regions, particularly those with abundant water resources, continue to rely heavily on traditional methods, while others have moved towards modern irrigation systems.
5. Water Conservation Efforts: In response to water scarcity, there has been an emphasis on water conservation structures and practices, such as the construction of tanks and ponds, especially in regions like Bundelkhand.

These changes underline a gradual but decisive move towards more diversified and technologically advanced irrigation methods in U.P., aimed at improving agricultural productivity and addressing the challenges posed by water scarcity.