Q.11. What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian Society? [UPSC 2023 GS P-1]

The Vedic period, spanning from 1500 to 600 BCE, was a significant era in ancient India characterized by the Vedic religion and the composition of the Vedas. Here are the main features of Vedic society and religion:

Vedic Society:

• Family Structure: The family, typically patriarchal, was the fundamental unit of society.
• Varna System: Society was categorized into four varnas – Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
• Marriage: Monogamous marriages were the norm.
• Language: Sanskrit was the primary language used.
• Occupation: Initially, occupation was not based on birth but later became more rigid.
• Property Rights: There was a concept of community ownership rather than private property.

Vedic Religion:

• Source of Practices: The Vedas were the primary source of religious practices.
• Polytheism: A belief in many gods representing natural phenomena, like Indra for rain and thunder.
• Rituals and Sacrifices: Yajnas (sacrificial rituals) were central, performed by priests.

Features Still Prevailing in Indian Society:

• Patriarchy: Despite modernization, patriarchal structures, especially in religious and cultural contexts, persist.
• Polytheism: The worship of multiple gods from the Vedic pantheon continues.
• Agriculture: A significant portion of India remains agrarian, akin to Vedic society.
• Family and Marriage: The joint family system and preference for monogamous marriages are still prevalent.

While some aspects of Vedic society and religion have evolved or diminished over time, others remain integral to the cultural fabric of modern India. It’s important to recognize the continuity and change that have shaped contemporary Indian society from its Vedic roots.