Q.8. Describe those special powers of the council of states (Rajya Sabha) which are not enjoyed by the Lok Sabha, under the Indian Constitution.

The Rajya Sabha (Council of States or, the Upper House) in India possesses several special powers that are distinct from those enjoyed by the Lok Sabha (House of the People or, the Lower House). These unique powers are:

1. Authorizing Parliament to Make Laws on State Subjects (Article 249):
   • The Rajya Sabha can authorize the Parliament to legislate on a subject that falls under the State List.
   • This provision allows the central government to intervene in state matters when necessary for national interest.
2. Creation of New All-India Services (Article 312):
   • The Rajya Sabha has the authority to authorize the establishment of new All-India Services.
   • These services are shared by both the central government and the states.
   • The creation of such services enhances administrative efficiency and coordination.
3. Removing the Vice President (Article 67):
   • The Rajya Sabha has the exclusive power to initiate the process of removing the Vice President.
   • A resolution for the removal of the Vice President can only be submitted in the Rajya Sabha, not in the Lok Sabha.
4. Emergency Situations (Articles 352, 356, and 360):
   • During an emergency (national emergency, President’s rule, or financial emergency), if the Lok Sabha has been dissolved or its dissolution occurs within the allowed approval period:
     • The proclamation issued by the President can remain effective even if it is approved solely by the Rajya Sabha.
     • The Rajya Sabha plays a crucial role in such critical situations.

In summary, the Rajya Sabha’s special powers validate its status as the Upper House in comparison to the Lok Sabha. While both houses have their roles, these unique powers ensure a balanced and coordinated functioning of the Indian Parliament.