Q.9. Write a note on the Global Warming.

Global warming refers to the steady increase in the Earth’s average temperature over the past century or two. Here are some key points about global warming:

1. Definition:

• Global warming results in rising average air temperatures near the Earth’s surface.
• While Earth’s climate has naturally evolved over geological time, human activities since the Industrial Revolution significantly influence the pace and extent of climate change.

2. Causes:

• Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O), trap heat in the atmosphere.
• Human activities, including burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), deforestation, and industrial processes, release these greenhouse gases into the air.
• These emissions contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to global warming.

3. Effects:

• Rising temperatures: Average global temperatures have increased by about 1°C (1.8°F) since the pre-industrial era.
• Melting ice and glaciers: Warming temperatures cause ice sheets and glaciers to melt, contributing to rising sea levels.
• Extreme weather events: More frequent and intense heatwaves, storms, and floods occur due to climate change.
• Ocean acidification: Increased CO₂ absorption by oceans leads to acidification, affecting marine ecosystems.
• Biodiversity loss: Habitats change, impacting plant and animal species.
• Health risks: Heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, and food insecurity increase.

4. Solutions and Mitigation:

• Reducing emissions: Transition to cleaner energy sources (renewables), improve energy efficiency, and promote sustainable practices.
• Afforestation and reforestation: Planting trees helps absorb CO₂.
• Carbon capture and storage: Technologies capture CO₂ emissions from industrial processes and store them underground.
• International cooperation: Agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
• Individual actions: Reduce energy consumption, use public transport, and support eco-friendly policies.

In summary, global warming is a critical issue that requires collective efforts to mitigate its impact and ensure a sustainable future for our planet.