Q.3. Throw light on the ‘Pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India’.

Pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India

India has made significant strides in the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a universal call to action by the United Nations to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. Here’s an overview of India’s efforts and progress in achieving the SDGs:

Institutional Framework

• NITI Aayog: The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) is the primary body coordinating the implementation of the SDGs in India. It works closely with various ministries, state governments, and other stakeholders to align policies and programs with the SDGs.
• SDG India Index: NITI Aayog has developed the SDG India Index, which measures the progress of states and Union Territories (UTs) on various SDG parameters, fostering a spirit of competitive federalism.

Policy Initiatives and Programs

• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission): Aims to achieve SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by promoting sanitation and hygiene practices across the country.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Addresses SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by providing financial inclusion and access to banking services for all.
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (Save the Girl Child, Educate the Girl Child): Targets SDG 5 (Gender Equality) by improving the welfare of girls and ensuring their education and empowerment.
• Ujjwala Yojana: Provides clean cooking fuel to poor households, contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being).

Achievements and Challenges

• Poverty Reduction: India has made significant progress in reducing poverty, with various social welfare schemes targeting the most vulnerable sections of society.
• Education and Health: Programs like the Mid-Day Meal Scheme and Ayushman Bharat have improved educational outcomes and provided health coverage to millions.
• Gender Equality: Initiatives such as Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana have encouraged savings for girl children, contributing to their future financial security.
• Environmental Sustainability: India’s commitment to renewable energy is evident in its ambitious targets for solar and wind power, aligning with SDG 13 (Climate Action).

State-Level Initiatives

• Different states in India have developed localized SDG plans and policies. For instance, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh have been frontrunners in the SDG India Index due to their robust healthcare systems and social welfare measures.

Partnerships and Collaborations

• International Cooperation: India collaborates with various international organizations and countries to achieve the SDGs. For example, the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a coalition of solar-rich countries aimed at promoting solar energy worldwide.
• Private Sector and Civil Society: The private sector, NGOs, and civil society organizations play a critical role in supporting government efforts through innovation, funding, and on-ground implementation.

Monitoring and Reporting

• Data Collection and Analysis: The Indian government emphasizes the importance of data for monitoring progress on the SDGs. Efforts are being made to improve data quality and availability through initiatives like the National Data and Analytics Platform (NDAP).

Conclusion

India’s pursuit of the SDGs is marked by comprehensive policy frameworks, multi-stakeholder collaborations, and innovative initiatives. While significant progress has been made, challenges such as economic disparities, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion remain. Continued efforts and adaptive strategies are crucial for achieving the SDGs by the 2030 target.