Q.3. Throw light on the challenges and problems of farmers and agriculture sector in Uttar Pradesh. Suggest measures for improvement.

Let’s delve into the challenges faced by farmers and the agriculture sector in Uttar Pradesh, followed by potential measures for improvement:

Challenges and Problems:

1. Low Productivity:
   • Productivity levels in Uttar Pradesh remain very low, significantly impacting farmers’ income.
   • The state faces challenges related to Infrastructure, Production, Marketing, Irrigation & Finance.
2. Inadequate Irrigation Facilities:
   • Rain-fed agriculture constitutes 60% of the gross cropped area and 45% of total agricultural output.
   • The lack of sufficient irrigation facilities hampers crop yields and stability.
3. Indebtedness and Insufficient Returns:
   • Growing incidence of farmer indebtedness affects their financial stability.
   • Insufficient returns from cultivation make agriculture an unviable occupation.
4. Green Revolution Challenges:
   • Despite the Green Revolution, small and marginal farmers have not adequately benefited.
   • The state’s agricultural sector faces challenges caused by the Green Revolution.

Measures for Improvement:

1. Investment in Irrigation:
   • Increased focus on irrigation is crucial. Developing and maintaining irrigation infrastructure can enhance crop productivity.
2. Agricultural Research and Development:
   • Higher expenditure in research and development is essential.
   • Strengthening agricultural universities can lead to innovation and improved practices.
3. Crop Diversification:
   • Encouraging farmers to diversify crops can reduce risks and enhance overall agricultural resilience.
4. Technology Adoption:
   • Revamp the agricultural extension system to assist farmers in adopting new technologies.
   • Promote modern practices and sustainable farming methods.
5. Rural Infrastructure Development:
   • Invest in rural infrastructure, including roads, storage facilities, and market linkages.
   • Improved infrastructure can facilitate efficient transportation and reduce post-harvest losses.
6. Agro-Based Industries:
   • Promote agro-processing industries to add value to agricultural produce.
   • This can create employment opportunities and enhance farmers’ income.

In summary, addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach, involving policy reforms, technological advancements, and targeted investments to uplift the agriculture sector in Uttar Pradesh.