Q.3. Compare and contrast the fundamental beliefs and practices of Buddhism and Jainism.

Buddhism and Jainism are two ancient Indian religions that, while sharing some similarities, have distinct fundamental beliefs and practices. Here’s a comparison:

Contrasts:

• Asceticism: Jainism prescribes a very rigorous form of asceticism, while Buddhism proposes a Middle Way that is not as extreme.
• Theological Views: Buddhism does not endorse the existence of a permanent soul (Anatta doctrine) as Jainism does with its belief in an eternal soul (Jiva).
• Spread: Buddhism spread widely across Asia, while Jainism remained largely within India.
• Missionary Activity: Buddhism has historically been more missionary in its approach compared to Jainism.

Similarities:

• Both advocate for a lifestyle that avoids harm to other beings and emphasizes moral conduct and self-control.
• Both were born as reform movements within the Brahmanical tradition and rejected the authority of the Vedas and the caste system.
• Meditation and the pursuit of enlightenment are central to both religions.

Relevance Today:

Both religions’ emphasis on non-violence, ethical living, and compassion remains relevant in the modern world, promoting peace and ecological sustainability. Their teachings on mindfulness and self-awareness continue to influence contemporary spiritual and secular practices globally.