Q.20. “Indo-Pak relations are illusion at present.” Discuss the inherent problems that bitters India-Pak relations repeatedly.

The statement “Indo-Pak relations are an illusion at present” reflects the complex and often strained relationship between India and Pakistan. Several inherent problems have repeatedly soured relations between the two countries:

• Territorial Disputes: The primary source of tension is the dispute over Kashmir, which has been a contentious issue since both nations gained independence in 1947. Other territorial disputes include the Sir Creek region.

• Cross-border Terrorism: India has long accused Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which has led to numerous attacks on Indian soil, further straining relations.

• Ceasefire Violations: Frequent ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC) have resulted in loss of life and property, exacerbating the hostility between the two nations.

• Political Will: The lack of political will on both sides to mend the relationship has been evident, with diplomatic talks often stalling or being cancelled following incidents of violence or terrorism.

• Military Standoffs: The history of military standoffs and conflicts, including several wars, has left a legacy of mistrust and competition.

• Nuclear Arms Race: Both countries possess nuclear weapons, and the arms race has added a layer of strategic uncertainty and fear of escalation.

• Water Scarcity: Sharing of river waters has been another point of contention, with concerns over water scarcity and resource management leading to disagreements.

• Proxy Wars: The involvement of both nations in the geopolitical tussle, particularly in Afghanistan, has often been described as a proxy war, complicating their bilateral relationship.

• Economic Cooperation: Despite the potential benefits of trade and economic cooperation, political and security issues have largely prevented the establishment of robust economic ties.

• Cultural and Social Links: While there are strong cultural and social links between the people of both countries, these have not translated into improved political relations.

These issues highlight the multifaceted challenges that have made Indo-Pak relations complex and often adversarial. Addressing these inherent problems requires sustained dialogue, confidence-building measures, and a commitment to peace and cooperation from both sides.