Q.19. What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats. [UPSC 2023 GS P-3]

India faces complex and multifaceted internal security challenges that require constant vigilance and strategic responses. Let’s delve into these challenges and explore the roles of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies in countering them:

• Insurgencies and Terrorism:
  • Jammu and Kashmir (J&K): The region has witnessed separatist movements, cross-border infiltration, and terrorism. Central agencies like the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) gather intelligence and coordinate operations to neutralize threats.
  • Naxal-Maoist Left Wing Extremism (LWE): Central and state agencies collaborate to address the Naxalite insurgency in central India. The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and state police play crucial roles in counterinsurgency operations.
• Communal and Sectarian Tensions:
  • Agencies like the National Investigation Agency (NIA) investigate cases related to communal violence, religious extremism, and radicalization.
  • The State Police also play a critical role in maintaining law and order during communal tensions.
• Organized Crime and Money Laundering:
  • Enforcement Directorate (ED) and Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) investigate financial crimes, money laundering, and corruption.
  • Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) tackles drug trafficking, which poses security and health risks.
• Cyber Threats:
  • The National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) and Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) monitor cyber threats and protect critical infrastructure.
  • Intelligence agencies track cyber espionage and cyberterrorism.
• Insider Threats and Espionage:
  • Agencies like the IB and RAW focus on identifying and neutralizing insider threats.
  • Counterintelligence efforts prevent foreign intelligence services from infiltrating sensitive institutions.
• Border Security and Illegal Migration:
  • The Border Security Force (BSF) guards India’s borders, preventing illegal migration and infiltration.
  • Intelligence agencies gather information on cross-border activities.
• Securing Sensitive Information and Facilities:
  • The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) protects critical infrastructure, airports, and sensitive installations.
  • IB and RAW safeguard classified information.
• Countering Radicalization and Disinformation:
  • NIA investigates cases related to radicalization and terror financing.
  • Intelligence agencies monitor disinformation campaigns.
• Natural Disasters and Pandemics:
  • Agencies coordinate relief and rescue operations during disasters.
  • Disaster Management Agencies play a vital role.
• Inter-state Disputes and Ethnic Conflicts:
  • State Police handle law and order during disputes.
  • Intelligence agencies provide early warnings.

In summary, Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies collaborate to gather intelligence, conduct investigations, and thwart potential security breaches. Their roles are pivotal in safeguarding India’s internal security.