Q.18. Explain the ecological importance of the Wildlife Sanctuaries in the Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh.

The Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh is endowed with several wildlife sanctuaries that are crucial for the conservation of biodiversity and the protection of various species. Some of the prominent wildlife sanctuaries in the Tarai region are:

• Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary:
  • Part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, it covers an area of 227 km² and was established in 1972.
  • The sanctuary is known for its population of Barasingha (Swamp Deer), especially in the grassy wetlands of Kakraha and Jhadi Tal.
  • Other species include Tigers, Leopards, Pythons, Barking Deer, Gharials, Wild Boars, and a variety of bird species.
• Katarniya Ghat Wildlife Sanctuary:
  • This sanctuary is located in the Bahraich district and is known for its diverse ecosystems, including dense forests and serene wetlands.
  • It serves as a vital habitat for a variety of flora and fauna, including endangered species.
• Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary:
  • Also known as Soheldeo Wildlife Sanctuary, it spans 452 square kilometers across the districts of Shravasti, Balrampur, and Gonda.
  • The sanctuary’s fauna includes Leopards, Tigers, Bears, Wildcats, Wild Boars, and numerous bird species.

These sanctuaries, with their rich biodiversity and scenic beauty, not only serve as essential destinations for eco-tourism enthusiasts but also play a significant role in preserving the natural habitat of wild animals and plants, ensuring their survival, and maintaining the ecological balance of the region. These are ecologically significant for several reasons:

• Biodiversity Conservation:
  • These sanctuaries are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, including many endangered species. They serve as biodiversity hotspots, preserving genetic diversity and contributing to the stability of ecosystems.
• Habitat Protection:
  • The sanctuaries provide crucial habitats for wildlife, offering them protection from habitat loss due to deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization. This helps maintain ecological processes and life support systems.
• Migration Corridors:
  • They act as migration corridors for animals, allowing species to move between different habitats, which is essential for maintaining genetic diversity and for the survival of migratory species.
• Ecosystem Services:
  • The sanctuaries support vital ecosystem services such as water purification, flood control, carbon sequestration, and soil preservation, which are invaluable for human well-being.
• Climate Change Mitigation:
  • By conserving forests and other ecosystems, these sanctuaries play a role in mitigating climate change through carbon storage and contributing to climate regulation.
• Tourism and Education:
  • They attract tourists and nature enthusiasts, which can lead to economic benefits for local communities. Additionally, they provide opportunities for environmental education and research.

In summary, the Wildlife Sanctuaries in the Tarai region are essential for maintaining ecological balance, conserving biodiversity, and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.