Q.16. What is TIFAC (Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council), give its mandate. Enlist the upcoming technologies in India by 2020 in IT. sector.

TIFAC (Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council) is an autonomous organization established in 1988 under the Department of Science & Technology in India. Its mandate encompasses several critical areas:

1. Technology Forecasting and Assessment:
   • TIFAC conducts systematic and continuous studies on technology forecasting and assessment.
   • It evaluates the state-of-the-art of technology and sets directions for future technological development in important socio-economic sectors.
2. Technology Impact Reports:
   • TIFAC prepares technology impact reports on existing and new technologies.
   • These reports help understand the implications of technology adoption and guide policy decisions.
3. Estimation of Demands:
   • TIFAC projects estimates of the nature and quantum of likely demands for goods and services across various sectors.
   • Based on these estimates, it suggests technological changes needed to fulfill these demands.
4. Timely Technology Availability:
   • Ensuring the timely availability of technologies needed for the country is part of TIFAC’s mission.

Now, let’s explore some of the upcoming technologies in India within the IT sector around the year 2020:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI):
   • AI continues to be a buzzword, and its applications are expected to grow.
   • Areas like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision will see significant advancements.
2. Quantum Computing:
   • Quantum computing promises exponential speedup for complex calculations.
   • Research and development in this field are gaining momentum.
3. Blockchain:
   • Blockchain technology is disrupting various industries.
   • Applications in finance, supply chain, and identity management are on the rise.
4. Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR):
   • VR and AR technologies enhance user experiences.
   • Sectors like gaming, education, and real estate will leverage these immersive technologies.
5. 5G Technology:
   • 5G networks will revolutionize mobile communication.
   • Faster speeds, low latency, and connectivity for IoT devices are key features.
6. Internet of Things (IoT):
   • IoT adoption will continue to grow.
   • Smart cities, industrial automation, and healthcare will benefit from IoT solutions.
7. Cloud Computing:
   • Cloud services will remain essential for businesses.
   • Hybrid and multi-cloud approaches will gain prominence.
8. Robotics:
   • Robotics and automation will impact manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare.
   • Collaborative robots (cobots) will become more prevalent.
9. Edge Computing:
   • Edge computing processes data closer to the source (devices or sensors).
   • It reduces latency and enhances real-time decision-making.
10. Cybersecurity:
    • As digital threats increase, cybersecurity solutions will evolve.
    • Focus areas include zero-trust architecture, AI-driven security, and quantum-safe cryptography.
11. Sustainable Technologies:
    • India will emphasize sustainable practices.
    • Renewable energy, smart grids, and environment-friendly tech will gain attention.

Remember that these trends are not limited to 2020; they continue to shape the Indian IT industry beyond that year. India’s booming IT sector remains a global leader in technological innovation.