Q.14. “Secularism as an orientation and a set of practices is indispensable to India’s future as a liberal democracy.” Discuss.

Secularism refers to the separation of religion from political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of life. It treats religion as a purely personal matter and emphasizes the dissociation of the state from religious affairs. Key principles include freedom of religion, equal opportunities for all faiths, and no discrimination based on religion. Secularism plays a crucial role in shaping India’s future as a liberal democracy. Let’s explore its significance and implications:

1. Historical Roots in India:

• India’s history reflects deep-rooted secular traditions.
• Ancient India welcomed diverse spiritual traditions, integrating them into a common mainstream.
• Emperor Ashoka (3rd century B.C.) advocated religious toleration and respect for all sects.
• Medieval India saw religious coexistence through movements like Sufi and Bhakti.

2. Akbar’s Legacy:

• Akbar, the Mughal emperor, exemplified secularism.
• His policy emphasized tolerance, peace, and harmony among religions.
• He held religious debates involving theologians from Brahmin, Jain, and Zoroastrian backgrounds.

3. British Rule and Freedom Movement:

• The spirit of secularism persisted during the Indian freedom struggle.
• Despite British divide-and-rule tactics, India’s leaders championed unity and religious coexistence.

4. Secularism in Independent India:

• The Indian Constitution enshrines secularism as a fundamental principle.
• It grants equal religious freedom to all citizens.
• India’s secular ethos allows people of all religions to practice freely.

5. Minimal Secularism:

• Minimal secularism promotes liberal democratic ideals like equal inclusion and personal liberty.
• State intervention in religion is acceptable if it furthers these ideals.

6. Challenges and Imperatives:

• India’s pluralistic traditions need secularism to sustain democracy.
• Balancing diverse beliefs while upholding individual rights is essential.
• Secularism remains indispensable for India’s future as a thriving liberal democracy.

In summary, secularism fosters equality, freedom, and coexistence, making it vital for India’s democratic journey.