Q.11. Differentiate between ethics and morality and explain the determinants of the ethical actions.

Ethics and morality are closely related concepts that often overlap, but they have distinct meanings:

• Morality refers to a person or society’s ideas of what is right or wrong, especially in regard to behaviour. It is personal and normative, shaped by individual or cultural beliefs, and can vary widely between societies and over time. Morality is about the commitment to the greater good and includes universal principles such as bravery, fairness, and respect for others’ property.
• Ethics, on the other hand, is more about community values than personal values. It refers to a system of moral principles determined by a community or society. Ethics is often associated with formal codes of conduct within a professional or social group and tends to be more consistent and universal than personal morals.

The determinants of ethical actions are the factors that influence and shape an individual’s ethical framework. These include:

• Cultural Background: The traditions, customs, and social norms of a society can greatly influence what is considered ethical behaviour.
• Personal Values and Morality: An individual’s own beliefs and principles, often developed through upbringing and life experiences, play a significant role in determining ethical actions.
• Education and Intellectual Development: Formal education and ongoing learning contribute to one’s understanding of ethical principles and their application.
• Legal and Professional Standards: Laws and professional guidelines provide a framework for ethical behaviour in various fields.
• Social Influences and Peer Pressure: The behaviour and expectations of peers can impact an individual’s ethical decisions.
• Religious Beliefs and Spiritual Traditions: Many people derive their ethical standards from their religious or spiritual beliefs.
• Situational Factors: The context and circumstances of a situation can affect what is considered ethical at a given time.

Understanding the difference between ethics and morality, as well as the determinants of ethical actions, is crucial for navigating complex moral landscapes and making decisions that align with both personal integrity and social expectations.