Q.10. Explain the difference between the frontier and the boundary with special reference to India.

Let’s explore the difference between frontier and boundary with special reference to India:

1. Frontier:
   • A frontier refers to an area that lies ahead of a hinterland.
   • It is a geographical zone that does not have strong control by any specific nation.
   • Frontiers are often undeveloped, unclaimed, or less defined.
   • They represent areas where political boundaries are nebulous or ambiguous.
   • Historically, frontiers were common during colonial times when large areas remained uncharted or loosely controlled.
2. Boundary:
   • A boundary is a well-established line that separates political units from one another.
   • It is a fixed obstacle that demarcates the limits of a country’s jurisdiction and sovereignty.
   • Boundaries are legally recognized and serve as the basis for national defense, law enforcement, and tax collection.
   • They can be marked by natural features (rivers, mountains), oceans, or man-made structures (fences, walls).
   • India has well-defined land boundaries measuring 15,106.7 km with its seven land neighbors.
3. Indian Context:
   • In medieval times, the Himalayas acted as the frontier between India and Tibet.
   • Over time, these frontiers transformed into well-defined boundaries between India and its neighboring countries.
   • For example, the boundary between India and China is now clearly demarcated.

In summary, while frontiers represent less-defined areas, boundaries are fixed lines separating political units. India’s historical frontiers have evolved into well-defined boundaries with its neighbors.