Q.10. Differentiate between: (a) Objectivity and dedication (b) Structure and functions of attitudes.

(a). Objectivity and dedication are distinct concepts, particularly in the context of attitudes:

• Objectivity refers to the ability to perceive and evaluate information without bias, personal feelings, or prejudices influencing judgment. It is the quality of being objective and is crucial in decision-making processes, ensuring that decisions are based on facts and evidence rather than subjective opinions.
• Dedication, on the other hand, is a commitment to a task or purpose. It involves a strong sense of loyalty and a willingness to devote time and energy to a particular cause or activity. In terms of attitude, dedication reflects persistence, focus and the determination to achieve goals despite challenges.

In the context of civil services, objectivity ensures that public servants make impartial decisions, while dedication reflects their commitment to public service and the consistent effort to fulfil their duties effectively. Both are essential for ethical and effective administration, but they serve different purposes within the professional conduct of civil servants.

(b). The structure and functions of attitudes are two distinct aspects that help us understand how attitudes are formed and why they are important.

Structure of Attitudes: 

The structure of attitudes refers to the components that make up an attitude. According to the widely recognized ABC model, attitudes consist of three main components:

• Affective Component: This involves a person’s feelings or emotions about the attitude object. For example, feeling happy about helping others.
• Behavioural Component: This is about how the attitude influences a person’s behaviour. For example, volunteering at a charity due to positive feelings about helping the community.
• Cognitive Component: This includes the beliefs or thoughts a person has about an attitude object. For example, believing that volunteering is beneficial for personal growth and society.

Functions of Attitudes:

The functions of attitudes explain why attitudes are important and how they serve the individual. Daniel Katz identified four main functions of attitudes:

• Knowledge Function: Attitudes help organize and interpret information, providing a framework for understanding experiences and guiding actions.
• Ego-Defensive Function: Attitudes can protect a person’s self-esteem and justify actions that might be socially unacceptable.
• Value-Expressive Function: Attitudes allow individuals to express their core values and beliefs.
• Adjustment Function: Attitudes can lead to behaviours that are rewarding and help individuals fit into social groups.

In summary, the structure of attitudes pertains to the components that form an attitude, while the functions of attitudes relate to the roles these attitudes play in fulfilling psychological needs and navigating social environments.