Q.8. Discuss the role of Uttar Pradesh during the Non-Cooperation Movement. असहयोग आंदोलन के दौरान उत्तर प्रदेश के भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए|

Uttar Pradesh played a pivotal role during the Non-Cooperation Movement, which was a significant phase in India’s struggle for independence. Here are some key points highlighting the role of Uttar Pradesh in this movement:

• Mobilization of Masses: The state contributed to the growth of nationalist sentiment and the mobilization of the masses, which intensified the struggle for independence.
• Local Uprisings: In the Oudh region, the Non-Cooperation Movement had a significant impact on local uprisings, which were primarily a result of excessive rent and poverty among the peasantry.
• Chauri-Chaura Incident: The movement in Uttar Pradesh is particularly remembered for the Chauri-Chaura incident in the Gorakhpur district, where a violent clash led to the death of police officers. This incident prompted Mahatma Gandhi to call off the movement nationally due to his commitment to non-violence.
• Congress’s Response: The sluggish response of the Congress to issues like widespread landlordism at times defied the expectations of the peasantry, leading to a re-evaluation of strategies by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Freedom Struggle Contribution: The state’s contribution to the freedom struggle was not limited to the Non-Cooperation Movement but extended to various other phases and events that shaped the nation’s journey towards independence.

The Non-Cooperation Movement in Uttar Pradesh was thus a significant chapter in the history of India’s freedom struggle, reflecting both the successes and challenges of the movement.

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The main objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement, which was a significant part of the Indian freedom struggle, were:

• Attaining Self-Government: The movement aimed to attain self-government within the British Empire.
• Annulling the Rowlatt Act: It sought to force the British government to repeal the Rowlatt Act, which allowed for the detention of individuals without trial.
• Restoring the Sultan of Turkey’s Status: The movement also aimed to force the British to restore the old status of the Sultan of Turkey, who was the spiritual head of the Islamic world, and whose empire was dismantled after World War I.

These objectives were pursued through non-violent means, including the boycott of British goods and institutions, resigning from government positions, and withdrawing children from government schools. The movement was a decisive step in the Indian independence movement, as it marked a shift towards mass civil disobedience.

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