Q.11. Describe the architectural features of the temples of Nagar Style.

The Nagara style of temple architecture is a distinctive form that originated in northern India and is characterized by several unique features:

• Elevated Platform: Nagara temples are often built on a high stone platform, which raises the structure above the surrounding ground level.
• Shikhara: The most prominent feature of Nagara temples is the Shikhara or tower, which is beehive-shaped and rises above the sanctum (garbhagriha). It symbolizes the mythological ‘Meru’ or cosmic mountain.
• Amalaka: At the top of the Shikhara, there is typically an Amalaka, a ribbed stone disk that represents a lotus, and it is often crowned with a Kalasha or pot finial.
• Garbhagriha: This is the innermost sanctuary where the primary deity of the temple resides. It is located directly beneath the tallest Shikhara.
• Mandapa: In front of the Garbhagriha, there is usually a congregation hall known as the Mandapa, where devotees gather.
• Lack of Enclosures: Unlike some other styles, Nagara temples typically do not have elaborate boundary walls or gateways.

Substyles of Nagara architecture include:

• Rekha-Prasad or Latina: Characterized by a simple, curvilinear Shikhara with a square base.
• Shekari: A variation where the main Shikhara is accompanied by multiple miniature Shikharas.
• Bhumija: Identified by a central spire surrounded by rows of miniature spires arranged both horizontally and vertically.
• Valabhi: Known for its rectangular shape with a barrel-vaulted roof resembling a wagon’s vault.
• Phamsana: These are broader structures with gently sloping roofs that resemble a pyramid.

The Nagara style has been prevalent in various regions and has evolved over time, leading to the creation of numerous iconic temples that are not only places of worship but also marvels of ancient Indian architecture. Examples include the Kandariya Mahadev Temple in Madhya Pradesh and the Sun Temple at Konark.